To what extent is Act III Scene II pivotal to Hamlet Essay Thesis Example For Students

To what extent is Act III Scene II pivotal to Hamlet? Essay Thesis Hamlet-Year 10 Coursework I think that Act III scene ii is not pivotal to Hamlet, for three different reasons. Firstly why I think this is, the situation that Hamlet has with Claudius, after Claudius has killed his father. Secondly, the audiences and Claudius reaction to the mousetrap play, performed by the actors, in which Claudius kills Hamlets father. Finally the third reason is the treatment Hamlet gives towards Ophelia. Hamlet until this point has been very uncertain about what to do about the situation with Claudius. Hamlet has seen the Ghost of his father who explains that Claudius killed him, but Hamlet is unsure if he should believe what the Ghost has said, Act II Scene ii I know my course. The spirit that I have seen may be a Devil and the Devil hath power Tassume a pleasing shape. Once Hamlet has decided to believe the ghost he has two choices. Hamlets first choice, of which he is undecided, is if he should carry out the deed of killing Claudius, in revenge for his father, which he has promised that he would do, Act I Scene v Haste me to knowt that I with wings as swift as meditation or the thoughts of love may sweep to my revenge. We will write a custom essay on To what extent is Act III Scene II pivotal to Hamlet? Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Or Hamlets second choice is to get himself out of this situation completely and kill himself, Act III Scene I To be or not to be. Hamlet now needs proof that Claudius did kill his father, Act II Scene ii Ill have grounds more relative than this. The plays the thing, where in Ill cath the conscience of the King. Hamlet decides on the Mousetrap, a guilty reaction from Claudius, will allow Hamlet to kill Claudius. No reaction from Claudius will make Hamlet disbelieve the ghost and question his own sanity. I think that this reason is not pivotal, because although Hamlet has finally made his first positive action which is to kill Claudius, in revenge for his father Hamlet fails to do so. Hamlet has the perfect chance after the guilty reaction of Claudius during the play, Hamlet has a perfect chance to kill Claudius at the alter, but he fails to do the deed. Act III Scene iii, Ad might I do it pat now a is a praying and now all dot and so a goes to heaven. and A villain kills my father as for that, I his sole son do this same villain send him to heaven. This means that if Hamlet kills Claudius now, Claudius will be sent to heaven because he is forgiving his sins at the alter, Hamlet will then go to hell as the consequence if he does kill Claudius. As I explained before, the reaction of the audience towards the scene in the Mousetrap, play where Claudius kills Hamlets father. This is an opportunity for the audience to get a clear indication of Claudiuss guilt, as we only know what Hamlet knows. When we see Claudiuss reaction this means that we, the audience, know things that other characters do not. If Claudius makes a big reaction to the play, the audience will feel confident that Claudius is guilty. No reaction from Claudius will mean that the audience will begin to doubt the reliability of Hamlet, and Hamlet will have to prove his own sanity to himself. A small reaction from Claudius, will mean that the audience will still be unsure about what to believe, should they believe Hamlet or not. Again I feel that this is not pivotal because, although Claudius reacts to the play after the actor playing the King is murdered Claudius arises from his seat and leaves the room, Act III Scene ii Give me some light. .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 , .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .postImageUrl , .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 , .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77:hover , .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77:visited , .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77:active { border:0!important; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77:active , .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77 .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u646d247759309e58ab2cb94524c68e77:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Polonius' Observations on Hamlet's Madness EssayAway. Also Claudius has now realized that Hamlet has been faking his madness the whole time. Claudius finds this out when Hamlet arrives back home from England, where he has been sent by Claudius to be killed, when Hamlet returns to find out that Ophelia has died. Hamlet makes a speech at the burial of Ophelia. I find this point also non-pivotal because although Claudius reacts to the play Hamlet is still unsure what Claudius is actually reacting to, Claudius could just be reacting to the death of his brother and the play itself, or he is reacting due to guilt that he has murdered his brother. Finally Hamlets treatment of Ophelia throughout the story. Hamlet has always loved Ophelia throughout the play, but when he has to fake his madness because he knows that he is being watched by Polonius, Ophelia returns the gifts to Hamlet that he had given her believing that Hamlet does not love her anymore. Then when it comes to the play where Hamlet finds out whether Claudius is guilty or not. Hamlet subjects Ophelia to a torrent of sexual innuendo Act II Scene ii: Hamlet: Lady, shall I lay upon your lap? Ophelia: No, my lord. Hamlet: I mean my head upon your lap? Ophelia: Ay, my lord. This is something that she shouldnt even be listening to, woman, in the Elizabethan era, should be chaste. The next time we see Ophelia she has gone mad. Again paradox I think that this non-pivotal. I think this because, Yes she may have gone mad due to the fact that herself and Hamlet are together for the last time at the play this may have made her go mad due to that her true love has left her, or that Hamlet may have influenced her to go mad when Hamlet was faking his madness. ut on the other hand, No she is not mad and she may have killed herself because of the grief of her fathers death at the hands of her beloved. As I said in the introduction I think that Act III Scene ii is non-pivotal to Hamlet, because although Hamlet has made first and only positive decision he has not done anything about it. Hamlets mind and dilemma throughout the play is muddled because he finds out that Claudius has killed his father but has done nothing in revenge for this. Hamlet also has trouble with Ophelia that he needs to sort out but he doesnt and then it is to late and Ophelia ends up dead.

Definition of Marketing

Definition of Marketing Free Online Research Papers The meaning of marketing has nearly an infinite number of possible definitions. It involves psychology, statistics, art, logical and creative thinking. The one common denominator within all definitions of marketing is that it leads to an exchange between vendor and consumer. Marketing is used to sell almost every product in our culture, for example, cars, movies, food, furniture, clothes, the list is endless. Specifically defining marketing involves identifying the meaning, the individual influence it makes on a personal and professional level in the microcosms of the population it effects. Marketing and its meaning clearly plays an extremely important role in our culture. On a personal level, I perceive marketing as an attempt to stimulate my own identification. The idea is that products I use define if I am a good quality person, wife, mother, and woman. In my opinion, many organizations attempt to persuade the consumer, through identifying those human desires that will compel the buyer to purchase their product. I personally feel the goal of organizations is to convince shoppers that a happier, healthier, safer and more satisfying life involves the choice of buying and using the product they are selling. The Greek word for market is agora, which means â€Å"gathering place†. In the Agora of ancient Greece, buyers and sellers bickered over the features, benefits and prices of the products being bought and sold there. â€Å"The first markets were places, not targets, demographics, seats, eyeballs or other abstractions. In the first markets, producers and consumers were a handshake apart- and so were all the other reciprocal market nouns: producer and consumer, vendor and customer, supply and demand. They were all embodied in seller and buyer.† (Searls, 2000). In business today, the term market also refers to personality, tastes, and the group of consumers that are interested in a material item or service known as the product. Industry terms that describe the level of narrowing of the market base include: Total Population Potential Market – total population who have interest in obtaining the product. Available Market – potential market who have a sufficient amount capital to buy the product. Qualified available market – available market who authorized to buy the product. Target market – qualified available market that the organization has chosen to serve. Penetrated market – target market who have bought the product. (NetMBA Business Knowledge Center, 2002-2007). We have recreated the agora through the internet, through mass media, through print and it has become global marketplace. The means in which products are sold at market may have evolved, diversified and become somewhat convoluted , and yet the core premise still exists. It is all embodied in seller versus buyer. Success of products sold through marketing becomes evident when the product becoming popular, and becomes thought of as needed by the consumer. In an article in which a gentleman by the name of Bob Maxwell defines the difference in products and brands, additionally he addresses the meaning of marketing. Maxwell states, â€Å"Consumers exist in personal and professional networks where cultural signals are used to communicate status, beliefs, attitudes and values. The clothes worn, TV shows viewed, music listened to, restaurants visited and media personalities favored are just a few of the signals people use to express who they are. Product brands are important symbols in this expression.† (Maxwell, 2007). He further explains that according to research that it is human nature for people to look for dominating media magnets in order to reinforce their concept of self. He theorizes that by identifying the worth the patron relates to in a product; connections, outlooks, attitud es and philosophies, marketers will be more capable of developing inspired and motivating testaments of their product. The results of such knowledge would assist them to link their merchandise with an appropriate consumer base, increasing the success of profitability by selling the product. My experience in the retail industry revealed valuable information in regards to marketing. We understood that part of the home improvement market was to show the consumer that they were not only able to not only afford the products, but that they were capable to do their own home improvements as well, but most importantly all the products to do whatever job could be purchased at the Home Depot. There are many people who would like to believe that they are talented enough to learn some skills to be able to repair and modify their home. This is one of the core strategies that Home Depot has based its whole marketing strategy behind. With that concept in mind, we designed and built a small display bathroom at the entrance of our store. The walls were included a window and were covered from top to bottom with crown molding, wallpaper, paint, chair rail and wainscot. We used a pedestal sink, and a spa tub. On the wall we hung a stylish in-stock mirror. The floor was tiled, and inc luded base boards. In the window we installed a blind, and decorated it with a coordinated bath style curtain. I then created a price menu, in which I based all the prices of the products used in the display on a 10’ x 8’ bathroom. As consumers walked in, they would stop and look over the bathroom, and began to imagine the possibilities. I was able to measure the success of marketing based on the increase in sales of those products used in the display. A report could be generated by requesting specific item numbers and dates of sales. Another key to marketing success is to show value. In another attempt to get the attention of consumers I designed a display that took a multi-item product and broke it down indicating the value and the difference in price if the items were sold separately. Once again I was able to measure the success of the marketing by monitoring a detailed report specifically in regards to the increased sales of this product. In retail, there is a saying, â€Å"Sales cures all.† Therefore anything that employees could do to increase sales would lend towards the profitability and success of the store. Home Depot, at one time, put a lot of capital into the marketing of their enterprise. The goal was to build the confidence and trust of the consumer. The success of Home Depot is well-known, and will almost certainly go down in history as iconic as Coca-Cola. Successful organizations know the importance of not only marketing, but also marketing to the right populations. A great deal of money is spent identifying the triggers in which compel the populations within these markets to identify with and purchase their products. They are acutely aware of the impact of marketing in all the diverse applications, and its financial return to their increased profitability and ultimately their long-term success. Reference: Chulick, Ben. (). Marketing. Marketing Plan, (), . Retrieved March 17, 2008, from msu.edu/course/prr/473/oldstuff/Marketing.htm#Marketing database. Maxwell Bob, (2007). iMedia Connection. How Your Product can Grow up to be a Brand. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from imediaconnection.com/content/16196.asp NetMBA Business Knowledge Center. (2002-2007). Marketing. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from netmba.com/marketing/market/definition/ Searls Doc, (2000). Linux Journal. The Real Meaning of Markets. Retrieved March 17, 2008, from linuxjournal.com/article/3793 Research Papers on Definition of MarketingAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaMarketing of Lifeboy Soap A Unilever ProductDefinition of Export QuotasBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfOpen Architechture a white paperHip-Hop is ArtIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of IndiaThe Project Managment Office SystemTwilight of the UAW

Management Information systems- Business company system Essay

Management Information systems- Business company system - Essay Example The objective of this shop is to sell sweets & cupcakes. Amal Saif started the business with help of her family since December 2008. â€Å"Amal Saif â€Å"is the owner of the shop and she has 2 employees who assist her in cooking & sale and take orders. And they are making a great repute amongst customer. Vision: The company’s core mission is to provide its customers a verity in sweets market. In the current age of globalization, the taste buds are acquiring some thing new almost every day. Food and food production are affecting our surroundings and capturing us in subtle and profound ways. Our food choices changes every day and with every individual it is now far more beyond only filling your appetite. Mini treats vision goes beyond daily bread to working more mindfully and providing the living community the better taste and especially making their sweet moments pleasurable with our wide range of sweets and cup cakes. Mission: Mini treats is totally an environmental based c ompany working towards the satisfaction of its customer. Our core mission is to provide the best and the quality in our sweets also making it assure that they are according to the taste of all age levels. The sweets we provide must cover all the health measures. We also ensure that we follow and restrict our self in making environment clean and healthy. Information Systems Strategy: A very basic information system (a simple desktop computer as hardware and Ms excel to keep the record) is in use at Mini Treats as it is a small company and having only three employees that’s the whole works is divided between all three so the owner takes control of all the transaction like she answer calls to take orders she write everything in a note book. And at the end of the day she put it in the excel program. In that way she knows the daily sales. Moreover she has a contract with three suppliers. One supplier for flour, sugar, oil, Milk & butter, second supplier is for sweet flavors and de coration colors and the third supplier is for cakes boxes. Stakeholders Who are the stakeholders of the project? There are two main stakeholder the group is currently working on the project and the initiative department of that project is the basic stake holder as they acquired all the information regarding the under discussion company. What are their roles and responsibilities? The major role of the group is to do a complete analysis of the company and its undergone information system and suggesting the right measures to take to grow its business by a little investing. What are their information requirements? The information is acquired by the stake holder is the complete history of the company. The products it is selling and the information system it is using. Is it on a manual system or a little bit of information technology it is using. All the suppliers of the company must be clearly mentioned so that they will be helpful in designing a complete and effective management system. Current System: Mini treats is using a manual system. Though it does have computer and Microsoft excel in use but the whole process is still done manually as the owner of the company keep the record of daily order in a note book and at the end of the day she enters in the Excel sheet. The company also has suppliers of food products so the owner has to keep the record of all the transaction manually. She called them when to make a new order. And then keep the record of

Relationship between legal immigration and drug crime Dissertation

Relationship between legal immigration and drug crime - Dissertation Example The issue that criminologists focus on is whether immigration is associated with higher than expected increases in levels of criminal deviance. Crime researchers have addressed this question using one of two general approaches. The first is through individual-level analyses that examine immigrant involvement in crime. Such studies provide insight into the question of whether immigrants are involved disproportionately in the commission of criminal acts. The second approach is less interested in the criminal behavior of individuals, focusing instead on the impacts of immigration, measured at the macro-level, on observed levels of crime. Using data measured at higher levels of aggregation (i.e., neighborhoods, cities, metropolitan areas), this line of scholarship is concerned with the extent to which the presence of an area's foreign-born population affects levels of crime, net of structural and socio-demographic characteristics of an area. Studies falling into this category address the question of whether immigration is related to increased levels of crime. Historical Studies on Immigration and Crime The earliest quantitative studies that focused explicitly on the immigrant/crime link began to emerge as rates of immigration peaked in the early decades of the twentieth century. Three separate reports issued during this period represent the earliest research efforts to take seriously the notion that there may be nativity differences in patterns of criminal offending. A 1901 report issued by the Industrial Commission concluded that foreign-born whites were less involved in crime than their native-born counterparts. This conclusion was supported in a report released by the Immigrant Commission a decade later. In 1911 the Immigrant Commission argued that there was no evidence indicating that immigrants contributed disproportionately to increases in crime. The most extensive of the three reports, the "Wickersham Report," was released in 1931 by the National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement. The conclusions drawn by the Wickersham Report are similar to those mentioned above that, in general, there was little evidence supporting the notion that foreigners engaged in higher levels of criminal activity than natives (Martinez, 2002; LaFree et al. 2000). Exceptions to this general trend were also noted in the early immigration/crime research. For example, each of the reports mentioned disparities in levels of offending across immigrant generations. Increased involvement in criminal behavior was seen as a consequence of assimilating into American society, particularly for members of the second generation. The Wickersham Report also suggested that immigrants may be more likely to be involved in particular types of crime (i.e., homicide). The conclusions drawn in the early immigration/crime studies have been viewed with suspicion mainly because they were not based on careful empirical analyses. An author of one of the sections of the Wickersham report questioned the results from any criminological research of the period because of the limitations of the data a nd the lack of methodological sophistication used to analyze

Iran Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Iran - Term Paper Example It immediate neighbors are the countries of Afghanistan, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia and Turkmenistan. Aside from being a country with religious belief that is centered in theocracy, the nation is also featured with historic and beautiful resource such as the Caspian Sea, prominently known as world’s largest lake as well as the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea at the southern part of the country (Sahar, 2007). The Caspian sea stretched over the coast at 650 kilometers while the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea covered 1,770 kilometers (Sahar, 2007). Iran’s terrains are mountainous. A large portion of it is arable while about 10.4% of it is used for agriculture. About 6% of the land area is used as pasteurized area. The northern coastal side is forested which consist to about 4.5% of the total land area (Sahar, 2007). It has two prominent mountain ranges. These are Alborz Mountain Range with the highest peak of. 5671 meters above sea level and it geographically located near Tehran ( Sahar, 2007). The other Zagros Mountain Range which stretched across the southern part of the country with a peak of of about 4000 meters above sea level. The dessert part of the country is located at the eastern parts which are named Dasht-e-Kavir and Kavir-e-Lut (Sahar, 2007). Iran’s capital city is Tehran with an estimated population of 14 million pesos. The city is also visited with about 4 million people from neighboring communities. Recently, the areas of Arak, Ahvaz, Esfehan, Kerman, Shiraz, Tabriz, and Mashad of Iran have become an emerging industrial zone (Sahar, 2007). Iran climate vary. The Caspian coastal plain is humid through out the year with an altitude that is almost sea level. The high altitude, which is populated, has winter time that is often at the rate below the freezing point. The central and eastern parts have seasonally climatic difference which fit to its arid and semi-arid condition (Sahar, 2007). Meanwhile, the coastal side of Iran enjoys mild wint ers but with a temperature which increases every summer period. The latter can even reached at 48Â ° C sometimes in the summer of July (Sahar, 2007). People and Culture Iran is resided with people whose quantitative growth rate exceed to about 3.1% annually. These days, there are now estimated populations of 66 million Iranian people. Modernization also encouraged most of them to migrate and dwell in urban areas for more economic benefits (Sahar, 2007). Iran is also home for indigenous people. Historians relate that natives have dwelt the country since 550 BC. Natives here are dubbed as Achaemenians but have live up to Iranian identify albeit their historical beginnings. Other ethnicities here include Persians, Azeries, Kurds, Baluchis, Lurs, Turkmans, Arabs, Jews, Armenians and Assyrians among Iranians (Sahar, 2007). As the country is composed of multi-ethnic tribes, people vary with their native tongues. However, Iran’s official language is Farsi (Parsi), also known as mod ern Persian. Farsi also used as medium of education and administration, although provincial media network used the mother tongues as mode of communicating reports. Other dialects used by natives are Kurdish, Lurish, Baluchis, Taleshi, Gilaki and Mazandarani (Sahar, 2007). Often, these dialects are spoken differently in every village. Some Iranian however, specially those who earned foreign education, speaks Indo-European language except for

A Survey on Ranking in Information Retrieval System

A Survey on Ranking in Information Retrieval System Shikha Gupta Abstract Available information is expanding day by day and this availability makes access and proper organization to the archives critical for efficient use of information. People generally rely on information retrieval (IR) system to get the desired result. In such a case, it is the duty of the service provider to provide relevant, proper and quality information to the user against the query submitted to the IR System, which is a challenge for them. With time, many old techniques have been modified, and many new techniques are developing to do effective retrieval over large collections. This paper is concerned with the analysis and comparison of various available page ranking algorithms based on the various parameters to find out their advantages and limitations in ranking the pages. Based on this analysis of different page ranking algorithms, a comparative study has been done to find out their relative strengths and limitations. This paper also tries to find out the further scope of researc h in page ranking algorithm. Keywords Information Retrieval (IR) System, Ranking, Page Rank, HITS, WPR, WLR, Distance Rank, Time Rank, Query Dependent, Context. 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Information Retrieval System Information retrieval systems are defined as some collection of components and processes which takes input in the form of a query from the user to the system, then compares it with the information which has been collected by the system, and then produce an output, which is some set of texts or information objects considered to be related to the query. It is the activity of obtaining the information resources which are relevant to an information need(query) from a collection of information resources. Data structure used by an IR system is Inverted index which is an index of {term, doc IDs} entries. IR system consists of three main components: firstly the user in the system; then the knowledge resource on which the user has an access and with which s/he interacts; and, a person(s) and/or device(s) that supports and mediates the interaction of the user with the knowledge resource (the intermediary). User FeedbackUser Query RankedExecutable DocumentsQuery Fig: IR architecture In an IR System the processes which are to be considered as important are: Representation of the user’s information problem which is in the form of texts in the knowledge resource: e.g. indexing; Comparison of representation of texts and information problem: e.g. retrieval techniques; Interaction between the user and an intermediary: e.g. human-computer interaction or reference interview; and, sometimes, Judgment of appropriateness of the text to information problem submitted by the user: e.g. relevance judgments; and Modification of the representation of an information problem: e.g. query reformulation or relevance feedback. 1.2 Ranking Ranking is a process of arranging the resulted documents in the order of their relevancy. An information retrieval process begins when the user enters aqueryinto a system. Queries can be defined as formal statements ofinformation needs, for example the search strings in web search engines. In information retrieval not only a single object uniquely identifies a query in the collection, rather, several objects may match the query, but, with different degrees ofrelevancy. Most of the IR systems compute a numeric score for each object in the database to determine how well each of them matches the query, and then it rank the objects according to this calculated value. After ranking, objects having top ranks are shown to the user. The user can then iterate the process by refining the query, if required. Use of ranking To improve search quality. To do effective retrieval over large collections. Granting relevant, efficient, fast and quality information against the user query. 2. RELATED WORK In this paper, a review of previous work on ranking is given. In the field of ranking, many algorithms and techniques have already been proposed but they all seem to be less efficient in efficiently granting the rank. The various algorithms are defined below. . Page Rank Algorithm Page Rank Algorithm is one of the most common ranking algorithms. It is alink analysisalgorithm which provides a way of measuring the importance of pages. Its working is based on the number and quality of links to a page to make a rough estimate of the importance of the page. It is based on the assumption that more important pages are will receive more links from other pages. The numerical weight that it assigns to any given elementEis referred to as thePageRank of Eand is denoted by PR (E). HITS Algorithm Hyperlink-Induced Topic Search(HITS; also known ashubs and authorities) is alink analysisalgorithmthat rates pages. In links and out links of the web pages are processed to rank them. A good hub represents a page that pointes to many other pages, and a good authority represents a page that was linked by many different hubs. The scheme therefore assigns two scores for each page: its authority, which estimates the value of the content of the page, and its hub value, which estimates the value of its links to other pages. HITS algorithm has the limitation of assigning high rank value to some popular pages that are not highly relevant to the given query. Hubs Authorities Fig: Hubs and Authorities Weighted Page Rank Algorithm Weighted Page Rank algorithm (WPR) is an extension to the standard Page Rank algorithm. The importance of both in-links and out-links of the pages are taken into account. Rank scores are distributed based on the popularity of the pages. Number of in-links and out-links are observed to determine the popularity of a page. This algorithm performs better than the conventional Page Rank algorithm in terms of returning a large number of relevant pages to the given query. Weighted Links Rank Algorithm Weighted links rank (WLRank) algorithm is a variant of Page Rank algorithm. Different page attributes are considered to give more weight to some links, for improving the precision of the answers. Various page attributes which are considered for assigning the weight are: tag in which the link is contained, length of the anchor text and relative position in the page. The use of anchor text is the best attribute of this algorithm. Distance Rank Algorithm It is an intelligent ranking algorithm based on learning. In this algorithm, the distance between pages is calculated. The distance is deà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ned as the number of ‘‘average clicks’’ between two pages. It considers distance between pages as a punishment and therefore aims at minimizing this distance so that a page with less distance will get a higher rank. The Advantage of this algorithm is that it can find pages with high quality and more quickly with the use of distance based solution. Also, the complexity of Distance Rank is low. The Limitation of this algorithm is that it requires a large calculation to calculate the distance vector. Time Rank Algorithm This algorithm utilizes the time factor to increase the accuracy of the web page ranking. In this the rank score is improved by using the visit time of the page. The visit time of the page is measured after applying original and improved methods of web page rank algorithm to know about the degree of importance to the users. Time factor is used in this algorithm to increase the accuracy of the page ranking. It is a combination of content and link structure. It provides satisfactory and more relevant results. Query Dependent Ranking Algorithm This algorithm is used to point out a large variety of queries. The similarities between the queries are measured. The ranking of documents in search is conducted by using different models based on different properties of queries. The ranking model in this algorithm is the combination of various models of the similar training queries. Categorization by context This approach proposes a ranking scheme in which ranking is done on the basis of context of the document rather than on the terms basis. Its task is to extract contextual information about documents by analyzing the structure of documents that refer to them. It uses context to describe collections. It is used to overcome the disadvantages of term based approach. 3. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE A large number of algorithms are present today which can be used for ranking the pages in Informational Retrieval System. There will always be a scope of better ranking of pages as each algorithm has its associated advantages and disadvantages. In term based approach, there are problems of Synonymy (means multiple words having the same meaning) and Polysemy (means that a word has multiple meanings). On the other hand, in context based approach, the problem is that the pages which refer to a document must contain enough hints about its content so that they are sufficient to classify the document. According to the requirements of the user, the IR system should use an appropriate algorithm. Use of an efficient algorithm will provide speedy response, and, accurate and relevant results. REFERENCES [1] Wenpu Xing and Ali Ghorbani, â€Å"Weighted PageRank Algorithm†, In proceedings of the 2rd Annual Conference on Communication Networks Services Research, PP. 305-314, 2004. [2] Ricardo Baeza-Yates and Emilio Davis ,Web page ranking using link attributes , In proceedings of the 13th international World Wide Web conference on Alternate track papers posters, PP.328-329, 2004. [3] H Jiang et al., TIMERANK: A Method of Improving Ranking Scores by Visited Time, In proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, Kunming, 12-15 July 2008. [4] Jon Kleinberg, â€Å"Authoritative Sources in a Hyperlinked Environment†, In Proceedings of the ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, 1998. [5] Ali Mohammad Zareh Bidoki and Nasser Yazdani, â€Å"DistanceRank: An Intelligent Ranking Algorithm for Web Pages†, Information Processing and Management, 2007. [6] Dilip Kumar Sharma and A. K. Sharma,â€Å" A Comparative Analysis of Web Page Ranking Algorithms†, in International Journal on Computer Science and Engineering, 2010. [7] Giuseppe Attardi and Antonio Gullà ¬, â€Å"Automatic Web Page Categorization by Link and Context Analysis†, [8] Parul Gupta and Dr. A.K.Sharma, â€Å"Context based Indexing in Search Engines using Ontology†, 2010 International Journal of Computer Applications. [9] Abdelkrim Bouramoul, Mohamed-Khireddine Kholladi1 and Bich-Lien Doan, , â€Å" USING CONTEXT TO IMPROVE THE EVALUATION OF INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEMS† International Journal of Database Management Systems, May 2011. [10] Xiubo Geng, Tie-Yan Liu, Tao Qin, â€Å"Query Dependent Ranking Using K-Nearest Neighbor†, SIGIR’08, July 20–24, 2008, Singapore

Afghanistan :: American America History

Afghanistan The King was overthrown in 1973. Muhammad Daoud took the power as President of the Afghanistan. He established an autocratic, one-party state, later had purged his government of leftists, and in the last years of his rule had sought financial support form Iran, ruled by the Shah, and Saudi Arabia in order to make Afghanistan less dependent on Soviet economic aid. On April 28, 1978, the regime of President Mohammad Daoud ended violently. Military units raided the Presidential Palace, in Kabul. Killed the president and most members of his family. All happened after the assassination of Mir Akbar Khyber, April 17, a Marxist ideologue a member of the Parcham faction of the People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan. (PDPA) was a Marxist-oriented party. On April 19 the party organized a mass rally and march in the honor of Khyber's funeral. Marched through the streets of Kabul and shouted anti-American slogans in front of the United States embassy. President Daoud ordered the arrest of seven top PDPA leaders. The PDPA Central committee member Hafizullah Amin was placed under house arrest shortly. He planed a coup d'etat. PDPA leaders were liberated from a government prison. The plan for the April coup, according to Amin in a press conference that it had occurred two years ahead of the PDPA's schedule for revolution. Taraki, Amin, and Karmal were the central player in the leftists' revolution of the Afghanistan. Taraki was born in 1917, was the oldest. His father was a livestock dealer and small-time smuggler. His family's described by Dupree in Nyrop (pg. 218) as semi nomadic, traveling frequently between Ghazini Province and British India. He attended a provincial elementary school and a middle school in Qandahar and was. He began to write short stories. In 1940s his stories refluxing the living condition of Afghan peasants, which approved by Soviet critics as Scientific Socialist themes. Amin was born in 1921, in Paghman, a town near Kabul. His father was a minor civil servant. After study mathematic and physics at Kabul University, he became a high school teacher and later promoted to the principal position. In 1957, through a scholarship he went to study at Teacher's College at Columbia University, in New York. He returned for further studies and that time he joined with students who were interested in Marxism. *Karmal, was born in 1929, a member of the social and political elite. He was a son of General Muhammad Hussain Khan, who served as governor of Pakita Province and had close ties with the royal family.

Diana’s Disappointment Essay

What is the problem? Diana Gillen is the General Manager at the Cobb Street Grille who applied and is hoping to become the new District Manager. After being rejected from the first position 9 months ago, Diana was convinced that she had this current position under her belt. Unfortunately, she did not get promoted and she was left to feel upset and judgmental with how the applicants were chosen for this position. This case demonstrates how an individual must learn to express their emotions in an appropriate manner and be open to learn new and effective ways to be a leader. Why do these problems occur? In this case, Diana is not good at controlling her emotions and the majority of the time her emotions get the better of her. Emotions are psychological, behavioral and physiological episodes that make an individual feel the need to react without being aware. Diana’s emotions are present at numerous times during this case. For example, she felt uneasy as she arrived at the Cobb Street Grille corporate offices along with feeling anxious and fear when learning what the outcome would be on her promotion. There were multiple times during the case where Diana showed physical emotions, such as bursting into tears and cringing when she found out that she did not get the position. These are all examples of Diana not having control over her emotions. She needs to be able to work on controlling her emotions in order to be able to react in situations like these. In this case, Diana shows a lack of emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the ability to understand and express emotion, understand and reason with it, while being able to regulate the emotions found in an individual. There are four levels of the emotional intelligence hierarchy, which are self-awareness, self-management, social awareness, and relationship management. Self-awareness is the act of understanding and defining the meaning of your  own emotions. Diana has a high self-awareness because she knows she wants to be a District Manager and she thinks she is the perfect fit for the position. Her values are to work hard and follow the rules that are assigned to her and she shows off her strengths of being able to manage a restaurant. Also, her motivation to become a district manager is present. Self-management is how well an individual can control his or her inner state. Diana is very capable of managing herself along with preparing for the role as a district manager. The down side, however, is that she sometimes loses her cool when trying to complete tasks or get certain jobs done. She is known to be a strict employee but is also very loyal and strives for her and everyone around her to do well. However, when she was told that she was not going to get the position she was hoping for, she let her self-management collapse and began to tear up. Social awareness is the ability of understanding the meaning of other’s emotions. When it comes to being aware of the employees’ emotions and feelings, Diana deeply lacks in this territory. She rarely pays attention to her employees when they have a request, an idea, or even just an opinion. What makes it worse is what the employees have to say about her. The title ‘Ice Maiden’ is thrown around amongst the employees behind Diana’s back. She believes that meeting her financial goals is the only objective she needs to follow, and because she exceeds these goals, Diana considers herself and her performance outstanding. The relationship the Diana shares with her employees is nothing more than a mechanical one. By not being social and working together with her employees, she does not know their needs and how they really think of her. The highest level of the emotional intelligence hierarchy is relationship management. Relationship management is being able to manage other people’s emotions while not letting your own emotions be influenced. Diana fails miserably at this level simply because she is not socially aware of her surroundings. Instead of inspiring her employees to try new things and influencing a bond between them, she leaves them to follow a repetitive schedule and no wiggle room for change. An example of this is when the  restaurant experienced high employee turnover. Diana fired three perfectly good employees because they decided to try a new customer service tactic. This proves that she is not in touch with her employees. Diana knows what she wants and understands how to manage herself along with a business, but when it comes to other individuals she does not perform in an effective way. When it comes to being socially aware and being able to build relationships, she fails, and this is one of the most important levels of the emotional intelligence hierarchy. How can these problems be fixed? Personality: Personality is the view in which individuals are agreeable and open to new things. Looking at the Five Factor Model Personality Theory, Diana extremely lacks in this section because she does not take any steps to build a healthy relationship with her employees. She needs to work on being more agreeable and open to new experiences in order to increase her success as a general manager. When one agrees on situations, it means they are being courteous, good natured, empathetic and caring. She lacks in this because she does not take the extra step to be closer to her employees. Openness to New Experiences: At this point, Diana follows the same rules and regulations, day in and day out. Instead of firing the three employees, she could have been open to a more creative approach and given the new customer service idea a try. In order to be open to new experiences, one needs to be imaginative, creative, aesthetically sensitive, and curious. Diana follows the same routine all the time and should be open to new, and creative ideas that are put forth by her team. Empathy: Empathy is when an individual is more open to others feelings, thoughts, and situations. Diana dictates how the restaurant is run along with any changes that may be made. She is so hell-bent with following the rules, that she is not being empathetic to her employees. If Diana opens herself up to understand how her employees feel, then she will gain miles into training individuals in a positive work environment. Accepting Feedback: In this scenario, employees seem to have many ideas and comments they would like to express to Diana but she does not listen or respond to them. By acting on comments made from the employees, she will make herself more accepted and a better restaurant manager. If she is open to accept positive and negative feedback, then she will indeed have a better chance at making herself more promotable. Lastly, Diana has shown that she is a great asset to Cobb Street Grille and losing Diana as an employee will impact the company in a large way. Recommendations that may be given to the company in order to improve employee relations and managerial skills are as follows: 1. An internal course can be provided to employees to help generate proper feedback that will lead to effect business practices. 2. Employees will be able to voice their opinions and concerns in a private area, which will then be brought up at the nearest staff meeting. 3. There will be open communication via workshops between the employees and managers, which will help build a stronger relationship amongst the two. These recommendations will help ensure that the concerns an individual may have will be taken care of before it arises. So what? In conclusion, the best alternative for Diana to promote herself and become a district manager is to accept feedback and be open to new ideas for the business. If this occurs, the employees will be able to express themselves creatively and Diana will be able to focus on making her business more successful and accepting. The importance of supporting, being open, and encouraging new ideas will be sure to improve the overall reputation of Diana by her employees. With the right future steps and goals, Diana will be able to gain the proper skills and emotional balance to be promoted as a district manager.

Ida Tarbell essays

Ida Tarbell essays Ida Tarbell was a woman far ahead of her time. Tarbell was an extraordinary woman whose work influenced the lives of others all over. She helped transform journalism by introducing what is called today investigative journalism. Through her achievements she not only helped to expand the role of the newspaper in modern society and stimulate the Progressive reform movement, but she also became a role model for women wishing to become professional journalists. Ida Minerva Tarbell, the first child of Franklin Sumner and Elizabeth McCullough Tarbell, was born November 5, 1857 in the log home of her maternal grandfather, Walter Raleigh McCullough. His farm was located in Hatch Hollow, near Wattsburg in northwest Pennsylvania. Both of her parents were teachers by profession, though her father was a carpenter and joiner by trade. Two of her brothers knew Abraham Lincoln, and her father was forced out of business by John D. Rockefeller and the South Improvement Company scheme, predecessor to his Standard Oil empire. These connections would prove influential in her later career. In 1860, when Ida was three years old, Franklin Tarbell, like so many others, rushed to the oil region. He moved his family to Cherry Run in Rouseville, where he began building wooden oil storage tanks. Ida spent her days playing among oil derricks on slippery, oil-soaked soil. In an article entitled "Pioneer Women of the Oil Industry," written by Ida Tarbell in 1934 , she tells of her life in Rouseville-attending Mrs. Rice's home school-and the problems her mother had bringing children up among the oil derricks. While still living in Rouseville, Ida's father extended his business to Pithole during its boom of 1865. With the decline of Pithole, however, the Tarbells moved to Titusville. The church and school were there-both institutions for a good living. In 1870, when Ida was thirteen years old, her father bought the Bonta House, a hotel in Pithole, for six hundred...

Free Essays on Case Study In Relationships

I have chosen to do this case study on the de-escalation of the relationship between two friends of mine, Becky and Nathan* (*names have been changed to protect the innocent). They were together for three years, but after about a year and a half, I realized that the relationship was slowly falling apart. Becky and Nathan got together during Becky’s senior year of high school. At first things seemed great, they got along well, and seemed to be very much in love. But, things were slowly unraveling. When Nathan was arrested for possession of marijuana, he claimed it wasn’t his, it was his friend’s and he just happened to be sitting in the wrong car seat. At the time, we all believed him, because Nathan didn’t seem like a â€Å"typical pot-head.† About six months after this incident, Becky not only found out that Nathan was lying about the pot not being his, but he was also a â€Å"pot-head.† Becky decided to trust Nathan when he told her that he was going to quit, and stuck out the relationship. After another six months or so, Becky discovered that Nathan had not only not stopped smoking, but he had left her on her birthday to get high. Becky realized that she had to do something, so she gave him an ultimatum, her or the drugs. Of course he told her he would quit for her, but we all had our doubts. Eventually, we found out we were correct, and Becky did what she knew she had to do. Becky and Nathan clearly went through the four stages of disengagement. During the first phase, the intrapsychic phase, the person â€Å"focuses on the other’s behavior, assesses the adequacy of their partner’s role, and faces the dilemma of expressing or repressing feelings†. Becky started this phase shortly after Nathan left her on her birthday to (as we later found out) get high. She began talking to me about contemplating ending the relationship, and asked for my advice. The next phase was the dyadic phase, in which the person faces... Free Essays on Case Study In Relationships Free Essays on Case Study In Relationships I have chosen to do this case study on the de-escalation of the relationship between two friends of mine, Becky and Nathan* (*names have been changed to protect the innocent). They were together for three years, but after about a year and a half, I realized that the relationship was slowly falling apart. Becky and Nathan got together during Becky’s senior year of high school. At first things seemed great, they got along well, and seemed to be very much in love. But, things were slowly unraveling. When Nathan was arrested for possession of marijuana, he claimed it wasn’t his, it was his friend’s and he just happened to be sitting in the wrong car seat. At the time, we all believed him, because Nathan didn’t seem like a â€Å"typical pot-head.† About six months after this incident, Becky not only found out that Nathan was lying about the pot not being his, but he was also a â€Å"pot-head.† Becky decided to trust Nathan when he told her that he was going to quit, and stuck out the relationship. After another six months or so, Becky discovered that Nathan had not only not stopped smoking, but he had left her on her birthday to get high. Becky realized that she had to do something, so she gave him an ultimatum, her or the drugs. Of course he told her he would quit for her, but we all had our doubts. Eventually, we found out we were correct, and Becky did what she knew she had to do. Becky and Nathan clearly went through the four stages of disengagement. During the first phase, the intrapsychic phase, the person â€Å"focuses on the other’s behavior, assesses the adequacy of their partner’s role, and faces the dilemma of expressing or repressing feelings†. Becky started this phase shortly after Nathan left her on her birthday to (as we later found out) get high. She began talking to me about contemplating ending the relationship, and asked for my advice. The next phase was the dyadic phase, in which the person faces...

Micro Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro - Term Paper Example Yet, in the economic cycle consumer is inevitable to business’s working and survival. As any produced good or service basically relies on consumer’s demand, who consumes it eventually. Thus, consumer’s demand, choice, preferences and decision making are significant aspects of micro economic system as they shed light on how any consumer chooses to exert his influence on any economic activity. Similarly, consumer is faced with the option of choosing from among the diverse products to meet his needs in most efficient way and likewise, utilizing his asset/cash in a prudent manner. Now how a consumer chooses and spends his earning to invest in the capital of the company is a comprehensive and diligent process, which mainly focuses on how two parties (business owner and consumer) involved take business and spending decisions. The main factors which impact the purchase inclination and decision of a consumer are price of the good or services, quality, reliability, durability and feasibility. However, there are many other factors as well, which influence the preferences of the consumer as well like fashion, marketing, government policies, and social or religious preferences. Yet, the core idea to learn about marketing strategy relies in the understanding of consumer decision making (when and how he decides to pay for goods or services). The term which describes how a consumer makes his decision t earn maximum advantage from the purchase any god or services is known as utility. This utility enables the consumer to spend more than usual on the goods/services, which benefit him in more than usual manner. However, not all the consumers can benefit any product/services in a similar way. Thus, diverse level of utility are associated with different types of consumers and this diverse nature of utility creates distinctiveness in the demand of goods/services too. However, this consumer inclination or decision making is received in the form of raw

Business Law - solution of the specific case Essay

Business Law - solution of the specific case - Essay Example Joey suffered injuries while working in Monica's restaurant. When an employee works in an establishment it is the duty and responsibility of the owner to provide necessary safety measures to the employees. If an employee sustains any injuries while carrying out the work for the employer, the employer has got the responsibility to bear the cost of hospitalization of the injured employee and has to pay compensation in monetary or otherwise, if the question arises. As such Joey is entitled to have the above benefits. She can claim for the benefits under Worker's Compensation Insurance, because it was the duty of Monica to put her under the insurance coverage. Joey can also seek legal remedies as per The Fair Work laws, which gives her the minimum entitlements of benefits of an employee in terms of Rachel is a courier, trading under her 'own registered business name'. She is totally an independent contractor and is not a paid employee of Monica. Though she acts as a courier of Monica, she lacks the status of an employee of Monica. So Monica must consider Rachel as an independent contractor. The issue is similar to the case of: AMP Society v Allen and Chaplin (1978) 52 ALJR 407. If Monica considers Rachel as a part-time employee, she has to treat her in that status and has the responsibility to bring her under the provisions of The Fair Work Laws, and also she has to adhere to the terms and conditions of Award. And if Monica thinks that Rachel is an independent contractor, she does not have any such financial liabilities or responsibilities on Rachel. Monica has no need to worry over the conditions stipulated as per The Fair Work laws which entitle an employee to have the minimum award of pay and other conditions. 3 Qn. 2. Monica v. Phoebe Issues: Phoebe was an employee of Monica. She was engaged as chef on a contract basis. There was a written contract between them, and according to the contract, if Phoebe ceases to work under Monica, then Phoebe should not work in any hospitality industry anywhere within Adelaide for 6 months. But Phoebe violated the terms and conditions of the agreement, and joined another restaurant less than 1 km away from Monica's restaurant. Moreover, she has utilized the information obtained from her work at Monica's restaurant and used that information in the form of book of recipes, and earned monetary benefits out of it, to which Monica has also got some rights. Whether the profits of the book go to charity or others is not relevant here. What matters is that Phoebe has made a criminal (cheating) as well as a civil offence. Her actions caused pecuniary loss to Monica and damaged her business prospects. Conclusion: As such Monica can approach the Court for legal remedies and claim damages against Phoebe. 4 Qn. 3 Award and Enterprise Agreement 3. Describe and discuss the differences between an award and an enterprise agreement. Award: (http://www.youngpeopleatwork.nsw.gov.au). Award is a legal document which defines the minimal preconditions under which an employee is being employed. It addresses issues like wages, sick leave, holidays, overtime and it also sometimes sets out the basic prerequisites like maternity leave. It is the duty of the employers to follow the conditions of the